acute complications of diabetes mellitus and mechanisms - Inflammatory Mechanisms of Diabetes and Its pancreatic stem cell transplant for diabetes Vascular Complications New insights into diabetes mellitus and its complications a narrative This review explores the mechanisms underlying diabetic complications and their physiological implications Diabetes mellitus DM as a growing epidemic of bipolar disorder affects near 56 of the worlds population 1 Its global prevalence was about 8 in 2011 and is predicted to rise to 10 by 2030 2 Likewise its prevalence in China also increased rapidly from 067 in 1980 to 104 in 2013 3 Therefore DM is a contributing factor to Diabetes and Its Cardiovascular Complications Comprehensive Network In patients with diabetes mellitus years of poorly controlled hyperglycemia lead to multiple primarily vascular complications that affect small vessels microvascular large vessels macrovascular or both The mechanisms by which vascular disease develops include Glycosylation of serum and tissue proteins with formation of advanced glycation end products Fig 1 Major traditional complications and emerging complications of diabetes mellitus The traditional complications of diabetes mellitus include stroke coronary heart disease and heart failure Diabetic ketoacidosis DKA and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state HHS are acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus that can occur in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus Timely diagnosis comprehensive clinical and biochemical evaluation and effective management is key to the successful resolution of DKA and HHS Critical components of the hyperglycemic crises The Pathobiology of Diabetic Complications Diabetes American See also Diabetes Mellitus There are two types of diabetes mellitus Type 1 in which the bodys immune system attacks the insulinproducing cells of the pancreas and more than 90 of them diabetes melitus inheritance are permanently destroyed Type 2 in which the body develops resistance to the effects of insulin In both types the amount of sugar glucose in the blood is elevated Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus DM and its complications pose a serious threat to human health and have become a global public health issue 12 Over 90 of patients with diabetes have type 2 DM T2DM 34 Diabetic vascular diseases molecular mechanisms and therapeutic The general features of hyperglycemiainduced tissue damage are shown schematically in Fig 1The DCCT Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the UKPDS UK Prospective Diabetes Study established that hyperglycemia shown on the far left of the figure is the initiating cause of the diabetic tissue damage that we see clinically shown on the far right 12 Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Complications of Diabetes Mellitus Abstract The main cause of death in patients with type 2 DM is cardiovascular complications resulting from the progression of atherosclerosis The pathophysiology of the association between diabetes and its vascular complications is complex and multifactorial and closely related to the toxic effects of hyperglycemia that causes increased Hyperglycemic Crises Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperglycemic Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a critical public health issue that causes incapacitation and mortality in both acute and chronic complications of the disease It affects various races and populations The prevalence of diabetes in adults globally was 64 in 2010 and was predicted to rise to 77 in 2030 1 American Physiological Society Journal The burden and risks of emerging minimum diabetes level complications of diabetes mellitus
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