bab ii diabetes micro - MicroRNAs and type 2 diabetes mellitus bisakah diabetes berat badan ideal lagi tidak kyrus Molecular mechanisms Glycemia Reduction in Type 2 Diabetes Microvascular and Aimshypothesis MicroRNAs are being sought as biomarkers for the early identification of type 2 diabetes This study aimed to synthesise the evidence from microRNAtype 2 diabetes association studies and microRNAregulated type 2 diabetes pathway delineation studies that met stringent quality criteria to identify and validate microRNAs of both The importance of correct classification is illustrated by a recent study where Kahkoska et al attempted a validation of the subtype and assessed their association with diabetes complications in the DEVOTE A Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Get Permissions Albuminuria is a wellknown predictor of poor renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and in essential hypertension 1 4 Albuminuria has also been shown more recently to be a predictor of cardiovascular outcomes in these populations 5 8 There is emerging data that reduction of albuminuria leads to reduced Microalbuminuria in Type II Diabetes Endocrine Practice Preventing Microalbuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes New England Comparative effectiveness of sodiumglucose cotransporter2 inhibitors versus glucagonlike peptide1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes and mildmoderate chronic kidney MicroRNA biomarkers of type 2 diabetes evidence synthesis Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes Determined From Clinical Parameters Bab Ii Diabetes Micro Image Results Moderately increased albuminuria microalbuminuria in type 2 As many as 7 of patients with type 2 diabetes may already have microalbuminuria at the time they are diagnosed with diabetes 9 In the European Diabetes Prospective Complications Study the cumulative incidence of microalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes was 12 during a period of 7 years 910 In the UKPDS the incidence of The Role of microRNAs in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Macrovasculature and Microvasculature at the Crossroads Definitions Type 2 Diabetes is defined as chronic hyperglycemia resulting from either decreased insulin secretion impaired insulin action or both in the absence of Type 1 diabetes autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cell Type 3c diabetes pancreaticogenic diabetes or other specific type Table 2 Diabetes mellitus DM is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia It may be due to impaired insulin secretion resistance to peripheral actions of insulin or both According to the International Diabetes Federation IDF approximately 415 million adults between the ages of 20 to 79 years had diabetes mellitus in 20151 DM is proving to be a global public Microalbuminuria in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus the tip of Type 2 Diabetes StatPearls NCBI Bookshelf Microvascular and Macrovascular Complications of Diabetes Metabolic syndrome defined as at least 3 out of 5 of Abdominal obesity waist circumference 40 inches in men 35 inches in women Fasting glucose 100110 mgdL Serum triglycerides 150 mgdL Serum HDL cholesterol 40 mgdL in men or 50 mgdL in women Blood pressure 13085 Histology if biopsied Prevention of Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 The prevalence of microalbuminuria in our population is 3156 and it is comparable with the famous United Kingdom Prospective diabetes study that showed the prevalence of nephropathy as 30811 In Asian countries the prevalence of microalbuminuria ranges from 142 in Iran to 363 in India3 MAP study reported the highest diabetes mellitus tipe 2 menurut who 565 prevalence A comprehensive overview on Micro RNA signature in type 2 Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus NCBI Bookshelf Significance of circulating microRNAs in diabetes mellitus 2 Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes Standards of Any molecular disorder that affects these pathways can deteriorate insulin resistance and lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM onset Furthermore the expression of several microRNAs is up or downregulated in the presence of diabetic microvascular complications ie peripheral neuropathy nephropathy retinopathy foot ulcers as well However the genetics of type 2 diabetes is poorly understood and under intense investigation in this era of precision medicine In adults without traditional risk factors for type 2 diabetes andor younger age consider islet autoantibody testing eg GAD65 autoantibodies to exclude the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes The normal rate of albumin excretion is less than 30 mgday 20 mcgmin persistent albumin excretion between 30 and 300 mgday 20 to 200 mcgmin is called moderately increased albuminuria the new terminology for what was formerly called microalbuminuria 28 Albumin excretion above 300 mgday 200 mcgmin is considered to represent Diabetes Mellitus Endocrine Medbullets Step 23 The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM the most prevalent metabolic disease is rapidly growing worldwide T2DM has several underlying causes involved in its development In recent decades there is compelling evidence demonstrating that microRNAs miRs are implicated in the pathophysiol Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a public health concern and projections of its future effect are alarming According to the World Health Organization diabetes affects more than 170 million people Microalbuminuria has been defined as the presence of 30 to 300 mg of protein in a 24hour urine specimen or a urinary albumin excretion rate UAE of 20 to 200 μgmin 9 UAE should be measured in a timed urine sample3 12 or 24 hours 10 Studies have shown that as many as three separate urine samples should be obtained before Diabetes mellitus DM has been known since antiquity India is one of the epicenters of the global diabetes pandemic It can be speculated that the prevalence of diabetes will double in the next 2 decades in developing countries where the preponderance of vulnerable groups is between 45 and 65 years There are two major forms of DM Globally the number of people with diabetes mellitus has quadrupled over the past 3 decades Diabetes mellitus is the ninth major cause of death currently affecting almost 1 in 11 adults aged 20 to 79 years 1 T2D is the most common form of diabetes mellitus accounting for 90 of all diabetes mellitus cases 7 Although genetic makeup may partially play a role the main drivers of the 1204 patients with type 2 diabetes and normal urinary albumin excretion 3 y randomized treatment with trandolapril plus verapamil SR trandolapril alone or verapamil alone Target HbA1c 70 Target BP 12080 mm Hg or 13080 mm Hg in separate publications Primary development of persistent microalbuminuria In the light of growing global epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM significant efforts are made to discover nextgeneration biomarkers for early detection of the disease Multiple mechanisms including inflammatory response abnormal insulin secretion and glucose metabolism contribute to the development of T2DM Platelet activation on the other hand is known to hubungan self care dengan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus be one of the
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