cvd event in diabetes mellitus - Keywords Diabetes mellitus Cardiovascular disease Mechanism gula jawa menyebabkan diabetes Treatment Core tip The link between diabetes and cardiovascular disease CVD is summarized and discussed in detail with a focus on growing prevalence mechanisms of disease progression and current treatment of CVD in diabetic patients Cardiovascular disease CVD where the heart and blood vessels are negatively impacted is the number one cause of death in people living with diabetes resulting in 23 of deaths in people with type 2 diabetes And on top of that people with diabetes are twice as likely to have heart disease or a stroke than people without diabetes The cardiovascular outcomes of GLP1GIP dual agonists are currently under investigation Studies completed to date show that they do not increase the risk of cardiovascular disease when compared to placebo Keywords cardiovascular adverse events glp1gip coagonist cardiovascular outcomes diabetes mellitus type 2 glp1 receptor agonists Cardiovascular Disease American Diabetes Association Data from the ARIC JACKSON and MESA trials involving patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are presented showing the cardiovascular disease CVD and coronary heart disease CHD event rates Red and processed meat consumption and risk of incident Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus epidemiology Compared to patients without diabetes those with type 2 diabetes are two to four times more likely to experience cardiovascular events and are more likely to have worse outcomes after these events 144145 About half of all diabetesrelated fatalities can be attributed to cardiovascular causes 145 Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are among the most common morbidities in the US They share many common risk factors and management of one depends on the presenceabsence of the other The prevalence of CVD meaning hypertension coronary heart disease heart failure and stroke is 49 overall in US adults age 20 years or older and 40 of these are isolated hypertension1 When people have both HBP and diabetes which is a common combination their risk for CVD increases even more People with diabetes often have unhealthy cholesterol levels including high LDL bad cholesterol low HDL good cholesterol and high triglycerides This often occurs in people with premature coronary heart disease Introduction Although coronary heart disease CHD is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes historically the diabetesCHD association received little systematic study even after the publication of Kelly Wests monumental book Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Vascular Lesions and the development of standard World Health Organization WHO and Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Heart Disease and Diabetes Diabetes in America NCBI Bookshelf What Are the Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Management of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Risks Based on Videos for Cvd Event In Diabetes Mellitus Vascular Complications of Diabetes Circulation Research Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus epidemiology Comprehensive Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors for Cardiovascular disease CVD remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus T2D 13 Beyond the inherent increase in mortality in diabetic subjects when diabetes mellitus is combined with manifestations of CVD such as myocardial infarction or stroke the mortality rate is nearly doubled leading to an estimated reduction in Clinical Update Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus Addressing Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Its More Than Cardiovascular diseases CVDs are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM Secular changes in CVD outcomes have occurred over the past few decades mainly due to a decline in the incidence of ischaemic heart disease The onset of T2DM at a young age 40 years leading to a greater Cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus progress Diabetes Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Clinical The 2023 European Society of diabetes nilai glikemik makanan Cardiology ESC guidelines for the management of CVD in patients with diabetes provide updated recommendations for the management of people with T2D with a focus on cardiovascular risk mitigation 6 By conceptualizing T2D and CVD as overlapping phenotypes ie T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASCVD T2D and heart failure HF and T2D and chronic Over the last several decades the global incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus has increased significantly The raised incidence rate is projected to continue as greater numbers of persons adopt a Western lifestyle and diet Patients with diabetes mellitus are at heightened risk of both adverse microvascular and cardiovascular events Moreover once cardiovascular disease develops Between 2001 and 2019 there was a continuous decline in rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASCVD events among individuals with diabetes The incidence rate per 10 000 personyears of acute myocardial infarction decreased from 74 to 41 coronary artery disease from 205 to 80 and cerebrovascular disease from 84 to 46 Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes a Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes Cardiovascular disease in diabetes is multifactorial and control of the cardiovascular risk factors leads to substantial reductions in cardiovascular events The 2015 American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association scientific statement Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults Cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients with diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and heart failure Unfortunately these mechanisms are not adequately modulated by therapeutic strategies focusing solely on optimal glycemic control with currently available drugs or approaches In the setting of Background Cardiovascular disease CVD is a common comorbidity in type 2 diabetes T2DM CVDs prevalence has been growing over time Purpose To estimate the current prevalence of CVD among adults with T2DM by reviewing literature published within the last 10 years 2007March 2017 Methods We searched Medline Embase and proceedings of major scientific meetings for original research Commentary based on Zhao Y Malik S Budoff MJ et al Identification and predictors for cardiovascular disease risk equivalents among adults with diabetes mellitus Diabetes Care 2021Aug 11Epub ahead of print 1 Diabetes mellitus DM is a wellknown risk factor for cardiovascular disease CVD and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases CVDs are the main cause of death among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM particularly in low and middleincome countries To effectively prevent the development of CVDs in T2DM considerable effort has been made to explore novel preventive approaches individualized glycemic control and cardiovascular risk management strict blood pressure and lipid 10 Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management Common risk factors promote diabetes and hypertension which are associated with atherosclerosis vascular inflammation endothelial dysfunction and structural remodelling which lead to macrovascular and microvascular disease Vascular damage and endothelial dysfunction is amplified when diabetes and hypertension coexist Role of GlucagonLike Peptide1 GLP1 Receptor Agonists in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes American Heart Association The Interplay Between Diabetes Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes and cardiovascular disease Epidemiology biological New Perspectives in Management of Cardiovascular Risk Among Screening and selection process of studies of meat consumption and coronary heart disease stroke and diabetes risk Data Extraction For each of the 20 final identified studies data were extracted independently and in duplicate by two investigators including years the study was performed and reported study design sample size definitions of meat intake and disease outcomes study 1043a In patients with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease multiple atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors or diabetic kidney disease a sodiumglucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor with demonstrated cardiovascular benefit is recommended to reduce the risk of edukasi diabetes melitus perkeni pdf major adverse cardiovascular events
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