diabetes and hypertension journal - The major cause of morbidity and brem madiun untuk diabetes mortality in diabetes is cardiovascular disease which is exacerbated by hypertension Accordingly diabetes and hypertension are closely interlinked because of similar risk factors such as endothelial dysfunction vascular inflammation arterial remodelling atherosclerosis dyslipidemia and obesity Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension Circulation Research AHAASA Journals The presence of hypertension in individuals with type 2 diabetes augments the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality In this regard data support that management of hypertension in this highrisk population is a critical risk reduction strategy In recent years a number of work groups have redefined hypertension management Diabetes and Hypertension Is There a Common Metabolic Pathway Treatment of Hypertension in Adults With Diabetes There is substantial overlap between diabetes and hypertension in etiology and disease mechanisms Obesity inflammation oxidative stress and insulin resistance are thought to be the common pathways Recent advances in the understanding of these pathways have provided new insights and perspectives Physical activity plays an important Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are among the most common diseases and cardiovascular risk factors respectively worldwide and their frequency increases with increasing age 1 Elevated blood pressure BP values are a common finding in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2D and are thought to reflect at least in part the impact of the underlying insulin resistance on the Type 2 diabetes mellitus T2D and hypertension the 2 leading components of the global burden of disease are commonly found to coexist 13 The coexistence of T2D and hypertension confers a dramatically increased risk 2 to 4fold of cardiovascular disease endstage kidney disease and death compared with the normotensive and nondiabetic adults 3 Hence understanding the bidirectional Hypertension in Diabetes An Update of Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus Hypertension AHAASA Journals The dokter spesialis penyakit dalam endokrin-metabolik-diabetes di cibodas Canadian Diabetes Association CDA released guidelines for the management of hypertension in patients with diabetes in 2013 17 These guidelines recommend an SBP goal of 130 mmHg and a DBP goal of 80 mmHg The major determinate for the SBP goal cited by the guidelines is the ACCORD BP trial although the CDA also relied on data from Epidemiological studies have documented that insulin resistance and diabetes not only constitute metabolic abnormalities but also predispose to hypertension vascular stiffness and associated cardiovascular disease Meanwhile excessive arterial stiffness and impaired vasorelaxation in turn contribute to worsening insulin resistance and the development of diabetes Molecular mechanisms The coexistence of diabetes and hypertension is known to have a multiplicative effect on adverse clinical outcomes with respect to both microvascular and macrovascular disease Effective management of diabetes should therefore include a multifaceted approach combining optimal control of blood pressure and lipids with appropriate glycemic control The pathophysiology of hypertension in diabetes Hypertension defined as a blood pressure 14090 mmHg is an extremely common comorbid condition in diabetes affecting 2060 of patients with diabetes depending on obesity ethnicity and age In type 2 diabetes hypertension is often present as part of the metabolic syndrome of insulin resistance also including central obesity and Hypertension in Diabetes Endotext NCBI Bookshelf Diabetes Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Insights Hypertension is common among patients with diabetes with the prevalence depending on type and duration of diabetes age sex raceethnicity BMI history of glycemic control and the presence of kidney disease among other factors 13Furthermore hypertension is a strong risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ASCVD heart failure and microvascular complications Diabetes and Hypertension A Position Statement by the American Hypertension Management in Diabetes 2018 Update Diabetes and Hypertension Clinical klasifikasi diabetes mellitus Update American Journal of
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