diabetes type ii irs-1 - Insulin resistance is a hallmark of data international diabetes federation idf tahun 2017 metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis 123456 Understanding the mechanisms of insulin resistance is therefore essential for the Human Insulin Receptor Substrate1 IRS1 Polymorphism G972R Causes Insulin receptor endocytosis in the pathophysiology of insulin Moreover the possibility that IGFII gene expression is diminished in type 1 diabetes provides a potential explanation for the reduced IGFIR IRS2 signaling that might place βcells at risk Whether the IRS2 branch of the insulinIGFsignaling pathway is a master regulator of βcell function that fails in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes Background The prevalence of the chronic metabolic disorder Type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM is increasing steadily and has even turned into an epidemic in some countries T2DM results from defective responses to insulin and obesity is a major factor behind insulin resistance in T2DM Insulin receptor substrate IRS proteins are adaptor proteins in the insulin receptor signalling pathway Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its core pathology insulin resistance has also been implicated in the development of Alzheimers disease AD and amyloidβ deposition in humans IRS1 and IRS2 are critical nodes in IIS as substrates for insulin receptor and IGF1 receptor although the functional differences between IRS1 and IRS2 in the Understanding the complex phosphorylation patterns of IRS1 is crucial to elucidating the factors contributing to insulin resistance and ultimately the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes IRS1 may act as a repressor of liganded estrogen receptor ERalpha and coactivator of unliganded ERalpha The insulin receptor substrate1 IRS1 is a critical element in insulinsignaling pathways and mutations in the IRS1 gene have been reported to have a role in determining susceptibility to traits related to type 2 diabetes In gene expression studies of tissue biopsies from nondiabetic Pima Indians IRS1 mRNA levels were reduced in adipocytes porque se da la diabetes from obese subjects compared with lean subjects Regulation of insulin sensitivity by serinethreonine phosphorylation Impaired glucose uptake andor insulin resistance within adipose tissue can contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes likely by altering its secretion of adipokines such as Positive and negative regulatory role of insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 IRS1 and IRS2 serine threonine phosphorylation Biochemistry 2002417082 IRS1 genetic polymorphism r2963GA in type 2 diabetes mellitus The Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate1 Gene IRS1 in Type 2 Diabetes 3667 Gene ResultIRS1 insulin receptor substrate 1 human Insulin receptor substrate 1 Wikipedia Insulin receptor substrate 1 IRS1 is a signaling adapter protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS1 gene 5 It is a 180 kDa protein with amino acid sequence of 1242 residues 6 It contains a single pleckstrin homology PH domain at the Nterminus and a PTB domain ca 40 residues downstream of this followed by a poorly conserved Cterminus tail 7 Differential involvement of insulin receptor substrate IRS1 and IRS The most commonly detected polymorphism in human insulin receptor substrate1 IRS1 a glycine to arginine change at codon 972 G972R is associated with an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance To determine the molecular mechanism by which this polymorphism may be linked to insulin resistance we produced recombinant peptides comprising amino acid residues 9251008 Type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM It is located in the long arm of chromosome 2 within IRS1 gene DNA ladder Thermo Scientific Gene Ruler 50 bp DNA ladder was used for sizing and approximate quantification of widerange doublestrand DNA on an agarose gel this ladder comprised of individual DNA fragments 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 Phosphorylated and OGlcNAc Modified IRS1 Ser1101 and 2 PubMed IRS proteins and the signs gestational diabetes common path to diabetes
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