gen homeostasis diabetes pdf - Type 2 diabetes T2D is a cek gula darah sendiri complex disease that is caused by a complex interplay between genetic epigenetic and environmental factors While the major environmental factors diet and activity level are well known identification of the genetic factors has been a challenge However recent years have seen an explosion of genetic variants in risk and protection of T2D due to the technical GWAS of random glucose in 476326 individuals provide insights into Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes Implications from LargeScale Studies Genetics of Type 2 DiabetesPitfalls and Possibilities MDPI Type 2 diabetes T2D is a multifactorial heritable syndrome characterized by dysregulated glucose homeostasis that results from impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance Genetic association studies have successfully identified hundreds of T2D risk loci implicating many genes in disease pathogenesis Since early 2007 the establishment of international consortia and biobanks has catalyzed the performance of largescale genomic studies These efforts have driven an explosion in the discovery of genetic variation associated with type 2 diabetes Most studies have involved genetic data captured using genotyping arrays populated by common single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs although a Glucose metabolismrelated gene polymorphisms as the risk predictors of Diabetes mellitus From molecular mechanism to pathophysiology and Diabetes is a longterm persistent disease that occurs due to the bodys inability to process and regulate blood glucose due to the oversecretion of insulin from the pancreas or the inability of the insulin to regulate the blood glucose levels 1Insulin is a polypeptide hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas and its functions are the regulation of diabetes is the result of chronic high blood glucose levels over time as regulation of blood glucose levels fail Glucose the major energy source for all human cells is released primarily through digestion of carbohydrates Food choices impact blood glucose levels diabetes statpearls Type 2 diabetes is a serious condition with negative health consequences gen synthesis Insulin also inhibits lipolysis and hepatic glucose production and facilitates energy storage Glucose homeostasis Fig 1 The roles of insulin and counterregulatory of monozygotic twins the concordance rate for type 2 diabetes has been reported to be 90 or more even in twins with a major difference in body weight4 Genetic factors are important determinants of glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes T2D susceptibility Heritability of both fasting glucose FG and T2D is high at 3540 1 and 3060 2 Type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM is a complex polygenic metabolic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose Multiple environmental and genetic factors can increase the risk of T2DM and its complications and genetic polymorphisms are no exception This review is mainly focused on the related genes involved in glucose metabolic including G6PC2 GCK GCKR and OCT3 In this review we have PDF Genetics of types 2 diabetes mellitus HKMJ Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes in America NCBI Bookshelf PDF Biology Homeostasis and Type 2 Diabetes University of Washington Genetics of type 2 diabetes PMC PubMed Central PMC Diabetes has been recognized as a distinct disease for over 2000 years but it was not until 1935 that Hinsworth established that there were two district types of diabetes While both common types of diabetes are characterized by sustained elevations of plasma glucose levels type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease that results in complete loss Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Endotext NCBI Bookshelf Numerous distinct pathophysiologic abnormalities have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM It is well established that decreased peripheral glucose uptake mainly muscle combined with augmented endogenous glucose production are characteristic features of insulin resistance Increased lipolysis elevated free fatty acid levels along with diabetes today magazine accumulation of intermediary lipid
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